Illinois v. Somerville

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The manifest necessity requirement, which authorizes granting a mistrial in a criminal case and precludes the defendant from successfully raising a plea of double jeopardy, is met when the indictment is insufficient to charge a crime. Impanel.

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United States v. Harrington

Sentencing guidelines often produce harsh results that are patently unfair because they fail to take into account individual circumstances.

United States v. Dunnigan

Sentence enhancement for the defendant perjury at trial is not unconstitutional to the extent it does not undermine a defendant right to testify on his or her own behalf. Sentencing guidelines.

Harris v. Oklahoma

When the conviction of a greater crime cannot be had without conviction of a lesser crime, the double jeopardy clause bars prosecution for the lesser crime after conviction for the greater crime.

Jackson v. Virginia

A review of the sufficiency of the evidence to support a criminal conviction requires a determination as to whether the record evidence could reasonably support a finding of guilt beyond a "reasonable doubt" standard.

Hector (A Slave) v. State

Coerced confession offered under the influence of pain are inadmissible; torture; interrogation; court must decide whether a confession was voluntary.

Warrantless Search of Sealed, Opaque Container Unreasonable

United States v. Villarreal; individuals have a reasonable expectation that their letters and other sealed containers will not be opened by government agents without a warrant when they are surrendered to a carrier.

Shackled Defendant Before Jury

Deck v. Missouri; the constitution prohibits the use of visible shackles during the penalty phase of a criminal trial unless the use is justified by an essential state interest specific to the defendant on trial.

Search Warrant

Illinois v. McArthur; a person may be kept out of his home while the police obtain a search warrant.

Invoke Miranda Rights

Berghuis v. Thompkins; a suspect invoking his Miranda rights must do so unambiguously.

Pretrial Publicity

Skilling v. United States; For purposes of obtaining a fair trial, it is sufficient if the jurors can lay aside their impressions or opinions and render a verdict based on the evidence presented in court.

Communicate Plea Bargain

Missouri v. Frye; ineffective assistance of counsel; communicate plea offer; Strickland standard; Strickland prejudice.

Duty to Disclose Material Evidence

Smith v. Cain; Brady Rule; the prosecutor violates right to due process if it withholds evidence that is favorable to the defense and material to guilt or punishment.

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Illinois v. Somerville

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