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Special Needs Search
Special Needs Search Cartoons

Special Needs Search

Ferguson v. City of Charleston; drug test of a pregnant woman in a doctor's office is not a special needs search.
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Related Cartoons

Idaho v. Wright
Idaho v. Wright
The admission at trial of hearsay statements does not violate confrontation clause as long as declarant is unavailable and statements are sufficiently reliable, based either on firmly rooted hearsay exception or other showings of trustworthiness.
Teague v. Lane
Teague v. Lane
Procedural rules usually do not apply retroactively. new constitutional rules of criminal procedure will not be applicable to those cases that have become final before the new rules are announced. Ratio decidendi.
Hector (A Slave) v. State
Hector (A Slave) v. State
Coerced confession offered under the influence of pain are inadmissible; torture; interrogation; court must decide whether a confession was voluntary.
Chavez v. Martinez
Chavez v. Martinez
Qualified immunity does not apply to deprivation of constitutional rights; coercive police interrogation resulting in statements not used at trial violates Constitution only if interrogator's conduct shocks the conscience.
Oregon v. Elstad
Oregon v. Elstad
Fruit of the poisonous tree doctrine aplies to Fourth amendment, not Fifth Amendment; although Miranda requires the suppression of an un-warned admission, the admissibility of any subsequent statement turns on whether it was made voluntarily.
Defendant Consent to Unrepresented Interrogation
Defendant Consent to Unrepresented Interrogation
Montejo v. Louisiana; A criminal defendant's consent to police-initiated interrogation cannot be presumed involuntary simply because the court previously appointed a lawyer to represent him; preliminary hearing.
Scope of Vehicle Search Incident to Arrest
Scope of Vehicle Search Incident to Arrest
Arizona v. Gant; Police may search vehicle incident to recent occupant's arrest only if arrestee is within reaching distance of passenger compartment at time of search and reasonable to believe vehicle contains evidence of offense of arrest.
Knock and Announce Rule Waiting Time
Knock and Announce Rule Waiting Time
Hudson v. Michigan; exclusionary rule not apply suppress evidence obtained in violation knock-and-announce rule; exclusionary rule; fruit-of-the-poisonous-tree-doctrine; inevitable discovery rule; no-knock search warrant.
Fourth Amendment Search
Fourth Amendment Search
United States v. Jones; the definition of a Fourth Amendment "search" evolves with advances in technology. GPS. Karo. Katz.
Double Jeopardy Clause
Double Jeopardy Clause
Renico v. Lett; trail judge is entitled to deference in declaring a mistrial due to jury deadlock.
Duty to Disclose Material Evidence
Duty to Disclose Material Evidence
Smith v. Cain; Brady Rule; the prosecutor violates right to due process if it withholds evidence that is favorable to the defense and material to guilt or punishment.
Curtilage
Curtilage
Florida v. Jardines; The curtilage of the house enjoys the same protection from unreasonable searches as the home itself; drug sniffing dogs are agents of the state for Fourth Amendment analysis.