Richards v. Wisconsin

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Knock and announce; police must knock and announce their presence prior to executing a search warrant unless they demonstrate reasonable suspicion that it would be dangerous or futile or would result in destruction of evidence of the crime.

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Williams v. New York

Imposition of death sentence for murder in the first degree is not void under due process clause solely because trial court considered additional information from probation department and other sources. Pre sentence investigaton.

United States v. Dunnigan

Sentence enhancement for the defendant perjury at trial is not unconstitutional to the extent it does not undermine a defendant right to testify on his or her own behalf. Sentencing guidelines.

Blockburger v. United States

Continuing offense; separate and distinct offenses, even if of the same nature, do not constitute a continuing offense, such as two sales of narcotics to the same purchaser, but at different times. The narcotics act penalizes each individual sale.

Ineffective Assistance of Counsel in Death Penalty Case

Rompilla v. Beard; capital defendant and family say no mitigating evidence, but defense lawyer must make reasonable efforts to obtain and review prosecution evidence of aggravation at sentencing phase of trial; death penalty.

Knock and Announce

United States v. Banks; Fourth Amendment; officers knocked and announced and then forcibly entered after reasonable suspicion of exigency had ripened.

Special Needs Search

Ferguson v. City of Charleston; drug test of a pregnant woman in a doctor's office is not a special needs search.

Checkpoints

Illinois v. Lidster; traffic checkpoints may be part of a criminal investigation.

Exigent Circumstances Rule

Kentucky v. King; The exigent-circumstances rule applies only when the police do not gain entry to the premises by means of an actual or threatened violation of the Fourth Amendment.

Invoke Miranda Rights

Berghuis v. Thompkins; a suspect invoking his Miranda rights must do so unambiguously.

Eyewitness Identification

Perry v. New Hampshire; suppress evidence of eyewitness identification; overly suggestive; police standing with suspect; reliability of identification; Due Process.

Duty to Disclose Material Evidence

Smith v. Cain; Brady Rule; the prosecutor violates right to due process if it withholds evidence that is favorable to the defense and material to guilt or punishment.

Strickland

Padilla v. Kentucky; a criminal defense attorney fails to provide effective assistance if the attorney misleads a noncitizen client regarding the removal consequences of a conviction. Strickland Sixth Amendment right to counsel.

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Richards v. Wisconsin

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